日期:2022/09/06   IAE 

「Dr.Luis Alvarez 物理紀念講座 」1968 年諾貝爾物理學獎

柏克萊實驗室的物理學家 Luis W. Alvarez 後來說，他的研究團隊起初認為他們在 μ 子輔助聚變過程中發現了一種可行的聚變能量來源

Luis Alvarez，1956 年 μ 子催化冷聚變反應的發現者

1968 年諾貝爾物理學獎 - NobelPrize.org

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1968 was awarded to Luis Walter Alvarez "for his decisive contributions to elementary particle physics, in particular the discovery of a large number of resonance states, made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis"

Luis Walter Alvarez
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1968

Born: 13 June 1911, San Francisco, CA, USA

Died: 1 September 1988, Berkeley, CA, USA

Affiliation at the time of the award: University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA

Prize motivation: “for his decisive contributions to elementary particle physics, in particular the discovery of a large number of resonance states, made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis”

 Luis Alvarez further developed the bubble chamber by using liquid hydrogen. He also developed new measurement systems and computer-based methods for analyzing large quantities of data. This has led to the discovery of a number of previously unknown particles.

1968 年諾貝爾物理學獎授予 Luis Walter Alvarez，“表彰他對基本粒子物理學的決定性貢獻，特別是通過開發使用氫氣泡室和數據分析的技術，發現了大量的共振態。 "

Cold fusion Berkeley National Lab ｜冷聚變柏克萊大學國家實驗室

Luis Alvarez在 1968 年諾貝爾獎獲獎演講中說：“當我們認為自己已經解決了人類餘下的所有燃料問題時，我們有一段短暫但令人振奮的經歷。” 他因受益於他幫助開發並用於介子促進聚變實驗的專用“氣泡室”粒子探測器而獲得了大量粒子發現獎。

“雖然其他人一直試圖通過將氫等離子體加熱到數百萬度來解決這個問題，但我們顯然偶然發現了解決方案，而是涉及非常低的溫度，”Luis Alvarez回憶道。

但是，當研究人員得知 μ 子在衰變之前只能參與有限數量的這些聚變反應時，他的團隊的興奮情緒很快就消退了，而且產生實驗中使用的 μ 子所需的能量太高，無法使這個過程變得有用，因為 一種能源。

Luis W. Alvarez was born in San Francisco, Calif., on June 13, 1911. He received his B.Sc. from the University of Chicago in 1932, a M.Sc. in 1934, and his Ph.D. in 1936. Dr. Alvarez joined the Radiation Laboratory of the University of California, where he is now a professor, as a research fellow in 1936. He was on leave at the Radiation Laboratory of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology from 1940 to 1943, at the Metallurgical Laboratory of the University of Chicago in 1943-1944, and at the Los Alamos Laboratory of the Manhattan District from 1944 to 1945.

Early in his scientific career, Dr. Alvarez worked concurrently in the fields of optics and cosmic rays. He is co-discoverer of the “East-West effect” in cosmic rays. For several years he concentrated his work in the field of nuclear physics. In 1937 he gave the first experimental demonstration of the existence of the phenomenon of K-electron capture by nuclei. Another early development was a method for producing beams of very slow neutrons. This method subsequently led to a fundamental investigation of neutron scattering in ortho- and para-hydrogen, with Pitzer, and to the first measurement, with Bloch, of the magnetic moment of the neutron. With Wiens, he was responsible for the production of the first 198Hg lamp; this device was developed by the Bureau of Standards into its present form as the universal standard of length. Just before the war, Alvarez and Cornog discovered the radioactivity of 3H (tritium) and showed that 3He was a stable constituent of ordinary helium. (Tritium is best known as a source of thermonuclear energy, and 3He has become of importance in low temperature research.)